Tài liệu Sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ và động từ (SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT) trong ielts tiếng Anh gồm phần lý thuyết và bài tập trắc nghiệm có đáp án giúp bạn học và thực hành một cách tốt nhất.
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Phần I: Lý thuyết Subject and Verb Agreement
Trong Tiếng Anh động từ phải phù hợp với chủ ngữ của nó. Cụ thể:
Chủ ngữ số ít (He, She, It ,The boy, The camel ,…) động từ chia số ít .
Ex: The car was new.
Chủ ngữ số nhiều: động từ chia số nhiều .
Ex: The books were on the top shelf.
Ex: These women wash their clothes everyday.
Nhưng chủ ngữ trong Tiếng Anh không phải lúc nào cũng dễ xác định theo số ít hoặc số nhiều vì vậy khi xác định chủ ngữ ta cần Lưu ý các trường hợp sau:
1.Chủ ngữ là một danh động từ, động từ nguyên thể hay một mệnh đề: động từ chia theo ngôi thứ 3 số ít.
Ex: Walking in the rain is not a good idea.
Ex: To learn a foreign language is necessary.
Ex: That you get high grades in the school is very important.
2.Chủ ngữ là một nhóm từ thì phải tìm từ chính và chia động từ phù hợp với từ đó
Ex: A list of new books has been posted in the library.
Ex: The shops along the mall are rather small.
3 . S1 + of/ as well as/ with/ together with/ in addition to/ along with/ accompanied by/ no less than +S2 =>Động từ hoà hợp với S1.
Ex: The professor together with his three students has been called to court.
Ex: The mayor as well as his councilmen refuses to endorse the bill.
Ex: The students along with their form teacher were at the beach yesterday.
4 .Chủ ngữ là đại từ bất định: one, everyone, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, anything, something, nothing, everything =>Động từ chia số ít
Ex: Nobody is at home now.
Ex: Is there anybody here?
Ex: Everything has been all right so far.
5: Hai hay nhiều chủ ngữ số ít đựơc nối bởi liên từ AND thì đòi hỏi một động từ số nhiều
– The boy and the girl love their parents dearly.
– Tom and Mary were late yesterday.
Tuy nhiên, nếu hai chử từ này diễn tả một người, một vật hay một ý tưởng chung thì động từ vẫn ở số ít.
– Bread and butter is my daily breakfast.
– To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in life.
[6] : Hai chủ ngữ được nối với nhau bằng AND mà trước chủ ngữ đầù có EACH, EVERY, MANY A, NO thì động từ phải ở số ít.
– Each boy and girl has a textbook.
– No teacher and student is present.
[7] : Khi hai chủ ngữ ø được nối bởi OR,NOR, BUT, NOT ONLY… BUT…. ALSO ,EITHER… OR, NEITHER…NOR…thì động từ hoà hợp cùng với chủ ngữ øgần nó nhất
– He or you are the best student in this class.
– Neither Jack nor I am willing to do that.
[8] : Khi hai chủ ngữ đươc nối bởi AS WELL AS, NO LESS THAN, WITH thì động từ hòa hợp với chủ ngữ thứ nhất.
– John, as well as you, is responsible for this act.
– Tom, with his friends, is in the car.
[9] : Một danh từ tập hợp ( collective noun ) cần 1 động từ số nhiều khi ta ngụ ý nói tới từng
cá nhân tạo nên tập hợp ấy, nhưng động từ vẫn là số ít nếu ta ngụ ý nói chung chung coi cả tập
hợp như một đơn vị
– The family of this dead soldier is noble.
– The family go to the movies every Sunday morning.
Các từ thường gặp như: jury, commitee, crowd, team, group, majoriry
Lưu ý trường hợp: The number of + Danh từ số ít
A number of + Danh từ số nhiều
[10] : Khi chủ ngữ là danh từ có hình thức là số nhiều nhưng nghĩa lại là số ít thì động từ chia ở số ít.
– No news is good news.
– Physics is more difficult than chemistry.
các danh từ thường gặp như : news, physics, mathematics, politics, gymnastics, phonetics, measles, mumps, rickets, the United States, the Philippines, billards, dominoes…
[11] : Khi chủ ngữ là danh từ chỉ trọng lượng, đo lường, giá cả hay giá tiền thì được coi là số ít, động từ theo sau cũng ở số ít.
– Ten thousand dollars is a big sum of money.
– Five hundred miles is a long distance.
[12] : Khi chủ ngữ là đại từ bất định như : everyone, something, nobody,anything, any body, every thing, no one…thì động từ theo sau phải ở số ít
– Nobody has opened the door.
– Is everyone present ?
Lưu Ý : 1) Khi “ each” theo sau chủ ngữ thì each không còn ảnh hưởng tới động từ nữa. Nếu chủ ngữ là danh từ số nhiều thì động từ chia ở số nhiều , chủ ngữ số ít thì động từ số ít
– Big cities each have their own special problem
2) Các đại từ both, several, few,many, others đòi hỏi động từ đi theo phải ở hình thức số nhiều
– Both were small
– Many of her books are in English
3) Một số đại từ bất định như: all, any, some, none, có thể đi với số nhiều hay số ít tùy thuộc vào ngữ nghĩa mà danh từ nó thay thế.
– All of the money is reserved for emergencies
-All of the candidates promise to improve the educational system
[13] : Trong câu bắt đầu bằng THERE thì động từ hòa hợp với chủ từ theo sau nó.
– There stands a pagoda facing the little lake.
– There were a lot of people at the meeting.
[10] : Động từ có chủ từ là đại từ quan hệ thì phải hoà hợp cùng ngôi và số với tiền vị từ của đại từ ấy
– He works for the factory which makes cars.
– The man who is living near my house teaches us English.
[14]: Một số từ như paints, trousers, pliers, scissors, shears (kéo lớn), tóng (cái kẹp), shoes, glasses, gloves là danh từ số nhiều và cần động từ số nhiều đi cùng. Tuy nhiên, khi có từ pair (of) đi trước các danh từ này đứng làm chủ ngữ th́ động từ theo sau là số ít.
– The scissors are very sharp
– A pair of scissors was left on the table.
[15] : Khi chủ ngữ là một phân số , phần trăm, hay các từ như: half, part, plenty và rest thì động từ phụ thuộc và danh từ bổ ngữ cho giới từ đi theo sau phân số hay phần trăm đó
– Sixty percent of his house is painted blue
-Half of thier relatives live abroad
[16]: Khi diẽn giải các bài toán đơn giản như cộng trừ nhân chia ta cần lưu ý. Khi cộng hay nhân, ta có thể dùng động từ số ít hay số nhiều đều được
–Two and two is/ are four
-Three times three is/ are nine
Nhưng với trừ và chia thì luôn luôn dùng động từ số ít.
– Nine minus four is five hoặc nine minus four leaves five / -Fifteen divided by five is three
[17] Khi chủ ngữ là tiêu đề sách báo, tên cơ quan, tổ chức đoàn thể, quốc gia, dù viết ở số nhiều=> động từ chia theo S số ít.
Ex: Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales includes many humorous characterizations.
Ex: The Malay States is now part of the Federation of Malaysia.
– The Moon and Six Pence is for the Art for Art sake
18.Các danh từ chỉ bệnh tật, môn học, môn thể thao, tên nước, thủ đô: news, means, series, billiards, mathematics, species, measles, mumps, rickets, mathematics, economics, , linguistics, physics, phonetics, athletics, politics, statistics, Algiers, Athens, Brussels, Marseilles, Naples, the Philippines, the United Nations, the United States, Wales………) => động từ chia theo S số ít.
Ex: The morning news is on at 6 o’clock.
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Ex: Measles is sometimes serious.
Phần II: Bài tập trắc nghiệm Subject and Verb Agreement
I.Multiple choice:
1.Each student …… to answer three questions.
A. have
B. has
C. having
D. to have
2. Plenty of milk …… consumed everyday.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. was
3. SARS …… an epidemic that kills many people in china.
A. are
B. were
C. have been
D. is
4. The little girl with her friends …… coming here.
A. be
B. is
C. are
D. to be
5. The United States …… between Canada and Mexico.
A. lying
B. lies
C. lain
D. lie
6. The book for my English courses …… 25 dollars
A. costed
B. costing
C. cost
D. costs
7. Jane as well as both of you …… finished it.
A. doesn’t
B. don’t
C. haven’t
D. hasn’t
8. Everyone in both cars …… injured in the accident last night.
A. was
B. is
C. are
D. were
9. Ten years of waiting …… nothing to those who are in love.
A. means
B. mean
C. to mean
D. meaning
10.The students in the next classroom …… very loudly everyday.
A. talk
B. talked
C. are talking
D. talks
11. Several of students …… absent yesterday.
A. has been
B. had been
C. were
D. was
12. A book or a newspaper …… precious for me when I am free.
A. be
B. is
C. are
D. to be
13. None of the students …… the test yet.
A. have finished
B. has finished
C. finished
D. is finishing
14. The cattle …… in the field now
A. grazing
B. grazes
C. has grazed
D. are grazing
15. Not only his friends but also Tom …… soccer.
A. likes
B. like
C. is liking
D. does like
16. The news …… so bad that she collapsed.
A. are
B. was
C. were
D. have been
17. The police …… for the thieves at the moment.
A. is looking
B. are looking
C. have been looking
D. will be looking
18. …… John nor his friends are going with us.
A. Either
B. Together with
C. Neither
D. Along with
19. The classroom with 10 tables …… 20 chairs in it.
A. has
B. have
C. is
D. are
20. Two tons of coal …… required.
A. are
B. is
C. have been
D. were
21. Economics …… me as much as literature does.
A. interest
B. do not interest
C. does not interest
D. have interested
22. Not only his friends but also Tom …… soccer.
A. likes
B. like
C. is liking
D. does like
23. A number of students in my class …… good at English.
A. is not
B. are not
C. was not
D. has not been
24. Both of the computers …… not working.
A. were
B. is
C. was
D. has been
25. Learning foreign languages …… necessary at all time.
A. are
B. will be
C. were
D. is
26. Money, nor fame, nor wealth …… brought happiness to everybody.
A. has
B. have
C. are
D. were
27. Most of the rooms in the hotel where we are staying …… air conditioning.
A. have
B. had
C. has had
D. has
28. The bottles of wine …… on the shelf.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. has put
29. I think the teacher as well as his students …… good.
A. is
B. are
C. be
D. to be
30. None of the students …… the vice principal.
A. has seen
B .have seen
C. is seen
D. was seen
31. There …… a lot of expensive furniture in our uncle’s house.
A. have been
B. are
C. is
D. were
32. Each of you …… responsible for this.
A. are
B. being
C. is
D. be
33. Bill together with his brothers …… to the beach every morning.
A. going
B. goes
C. are
D. gone
14. Either the monitor or the athletes …… to blame for the bad result.
A. be
B. are
C. is
D. to be
15. Everyone …… with me about my plans.
A. agree
B. agreeing
C. disagree
D. agrees
16. m as well as his relatives …… safe from the hurricane.
A. be
B. is
C. are
D. being
17. The little boy with his friends …… coming here.
A. be
B. is
C. are
D. to be
18. Neither Jane nor her classmates nor her boy friend …… the problem .
A. understands
B. understand
C. not understand
D. understand not
19. The results of Dr. Frank’s experiment …… announced on TV last night.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
20. Fifty minutes …… the maximum length of time allowed for the exam.
A. is
B. be
C. are
D. were
21. Each of the teachers …… a timetable.
A. to have
B. have
C. having
D. has
22. The cost of living …… over 10% in the last few years.
a. rises
B. has risen
C. rose
D. is rising
23. Neither the teacher nor the students …… happy about the test results.
A. are
B. is
C. has
D. have
24. A number of sheep …… eating grass now.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
25. Measles …… sometimes a serious disease.
A. is
B. are
C. being
D. be
26. The effects of cigarette smoking …… been proven to be extremely harmful.
A. has
B. have
C. is
D. are
27. The number of students who …… withdrawn from class this semester …… appalling.
A. has/is
B. have/are
C. have/is
D. has/are
28. The exercise on agreement of subjects and verbs …… easy.
A. are
B. have
C. has
D. is
29. Making cakes and pies …… Mrs. Reed’s specialty.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. be
30. The United Nations …… about 160 nations.
A. consist of
B. consisting
C. consist
D. consists of
II.. Choose the right word or phrase best completes the sentence:
1.Three weeks _______not enough holiday.
A. are
B. were
C. was
D. been
2. Each of you ____ a share in the work.
A. having
B. has
C. to have
D. have
3. A number of students ____ volunteered to the job.
A. have
B. has
C. to have
D. having
4. Linguistics ____ out the ways in which languages work.
A. find
B. finding
C. to find
D. finds
5. The Philippines ____ of more than 7,000 islands.
A. consist
B. consisting
C. consisted
D. consists
6. The United Nations ____ its head quarters in NewYork city.
A. have
B. having
C. has
D. to have
7. One of my neighbours ____ curious about other people’s private life.
A. being
B. were
C. is
D. been
8. Tom doesn’t agree but the rest of us ____.
A. does
B. done
C. do
D. doing
9. There ____ a few flowers in this garden last summer.
A. being
B. were
C. are
D. is
10. A large number of reporters ____ at the meeting yesterday.
A. being
B. were
C. are
D. is
11. Much progress ____ been made in recent years.
A. have
B. has
C. having
D. to have
12. Collecting old coins and paper notes ____ one of my hobbies.
A. being
B. were
C. are
D. is
13. The number of pupils getting poor marks since the beginning of the semester ____ appalling.
A. to be
B. have been
C. are
D. is
14. Five thousand pounds ____ stolen in the robbery last night.
A. being
B. were
C. are
D. was
15. Mr. Thomson with his wife and his three children ____ abroad.
A. to be
B. have been
C. are
D. is
16. One of the girls who ____ working in this department ____ my niece.
A. is/being
B. are/is
C. is/are
D. was/were
17. The English ____ to drink tea.
A. likes
B. to like
C. like
D. has liked
18. Everybody ____ trying to do their best at present.
A. to be
B. have been
C. are
D. is
19. Jim as well as I ____ always busy doing English homework.
A. am
B. has been
C. are
D. is
20. Neither Daisy nor I ____ glad to do that.
A. am
B. has been
C. are
D. is
21. That you take a computer course ____ very necessary.
A. am
B. have been
C. are
D. is
22. The police ____ come to the site of the accident.
A. have
B. has
C. having
D. to have
23. The pilot along with his passengers ____ rescued last night.
A. am
B. have been
C. was
D. is
24. What we need most ____ books.
A. is
B. were
C. are
D. to be
25. My brother together with his friends often ____ in the park.
A. jogs
B. jogging
C. jog
D. to jog
26. Neither he nor they ____ here yesterday.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. be
27. Either John or his children ____ breakfast each morning.
A. make
B. makes
C. making
D. to make
28. I don’t like the hot weather. Thirty degrees ____ too warm for me.
A. was
B. are
C. being
D. is
29. Not only a dog but also two cats ____ at home in his garage.
A.was
B. are
C. been
D. is
30. Both a poem and a short story ____ been written by the young author.
A. has
B. to have
C. have
D. having
II.Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order to make the sentence correct
31.The professor together with his three students have been called to court.
A B C D
32. Fifty dollars seem a reasonable price to pay for that.
A B C D
33. Walking in the rain are not a good idea.
A B C D
34. The unemployed really needs to be given more help.
A B C D
35. To learn foreign languages are necessary for us to have a good job.
A B C D
36. The police is asking him a lot of questions which he can’t answer.
A B C D
37. Life is not easy for those who is without jobs.
A B C D
38. The Chinese is very famous for their food.
A B C D
39. I love swimming which are a good sport for my health.
A B C D
40. All the books on the top shelf belongs to me.
A B C D
41. One of the biggest problems facing our society are unemployment.
A B C D
42. A few of the audience is enjoying every minute of the performance.
A B C D
43. How you got there do not concern me.
A B C D
44. What I say about these problems are my own affair.
A B C D
45. A great deal of money have been spent on the books.
A B C D
46. Either you or the headmaster are handing the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.
A B C D
47. The poor woman with her two children were seen begging in a street corner.
A B C D
48. Happiness and success depends on your ability and luck.
A B C D
49. There are forty students in the class. Half of the class is boys.
A B C D
50. The Vietnamese is hard-working, intelligent and brave.
A B C D
Phần III. Đáp án
I.
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.A 10.A
11.C 12.B 13. B 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.B
21.C 22.A 23.B 24.A 25.D 26.D 27.D 28.A 29.A 30.B
31.C 32.C 33.B 34.B 35.D 36.B 37.B 38.A 39.A 40.A
41.D 42.B 43.A 44.B 45.A 46.B 47.C 48.D 49.C 50.D
II, III
| 1.C | 2.B | 3.A | 4.D | 5.D | 6.C | 7.C | 8.C | 9.B | 10.B |
| 11.B | 12.D | 13.D | 14.D | 15.D | 16.B | 17.C | 18.D | 19.D | 20.A |
| 21.D | 22.A | 23.C | 24.A | 25.A | 26.B | 27.A | 28.D | 29.B | 30.C |
| 31.C | 32.B | 33.C | 34.B | 35.B | 36.B | 37.C | 38.B | 39.B | 40.D |
| 41.D | 42.B | 43.C | 44.C | 45.B | 46.B | 47.C | 48.B | 49.D | 50.B |
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